منو
حال ساده:
زبان عمومی و اختصاصی
Present Simple
to talk about regular habits or repeated actions
I get up really early and practice for an hour or so most days.
I use the Internet just about every day.
Words that describe how often or when are often used (e.g. always, generally, normally, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day, every evening)
to talk about permanent situations:
My parents own a restaurant.
We use the present perfect, not the present simple, to say how long something has continued:
I have worked there since I was 15. (I work there …)
To talk about facts or generally accepted truths:
Students don’t typically have much money.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
The following words are often used: generally, mainly, normally, usually, and traditionally.
to give instructions and directions:
You go down to the traffic lights, then you turn left.
To start the program, first, you click on the icon on the desktop.
To tell stories and talk about films, books, and plays:
In the movie, the tea lady falls in love with the Prime Minister.
حال استمراری:
زبان عمومی و اختصاصی
Present continuous
to talk about temporary situations:
I’m studying really hard for my exams.
My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment. (= he doesn’t normally live there)
Words like at the moment, currently, now, this week!month!year are often used.
to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking:
They are waiting for my friends right now.
to talk about trends or changing situations:
The Internet is making it easier for people to stay in touch with each other.
The price of petrol is rising dramatically.
to talk about things that happen more often than expected, often to show envy or to criticize with words like always, constantly, continually, forever:
My mum’s always saying I don’t help enough! (complaint)
He’s always visiting exciting places! (envy)
محدودیت استفاده زمان حال استمراری:
بطور کلی زمان حال استمراری ( و سایر استمراری ها) برای فعلهای state verb ( که اغلب کوتاه و غیر ارادی هستند) به کار نمی روند. و برای این فعلها باید از حال ساده استفاده کنیم.
زبان عمومی و اختصاصی
State Verbs
The present continuous is not normally used with state verbs because the meaning of the verb itself is a general truth rather than something temporary. These verbs describe thoughts, feelings, senses, possession, and description.
Here are some examples of state verbs:
thoughts: agree, assume, believe, disagree, forget, hope, know, regret, remember, suppose, think, understand
I assume you’re too busy to play computer games.
feelings: adore, despise, dislike, enjoy, feel, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, want
Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
I love music.
senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste
This pudding smells delicious.
To talk about something happening now we use can:
I can smell something burning.
possession: have, own, belong
My parents own a restaurant.
description: appear, contain, look, look like, mean, resemble, seem, smell, sound, taste, weigh
You look like your mother. (= a permanent situation, not a temporary one)
Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form when the meaning is temporary. Compare:
What are you thinking about? (now)
I think you should tell her exactly what happened. ( I believe…)
I’m tasting the sauce to see if it needs any more salt. (now)
The sauce tastes delicious.
She’s having a great time. (is having = is experiencing, not possession)
Students don’t generally have much money. (have = possession)
زبان عمومی و اختصاصی
